References

Zusammenfassung

Read more: literature that is important and not listed as online links in chapters of the Disinfo Dictionary

Allenby, Braden R. 2017. “The Age of Weaponized Narrative, or, Where Have You Gone, Walter Cronkite?” Issues in Science and Technology 33 (4). https://issues.org/the-age-of-weaponized-narrative-or-where-have-you-gone-walter-cronkite/.

Allenby, Brad, and Joel Garreau. 2017. “Weaponized Narrative: The New Battlespace.” Center on the Future of War. https://weaponizednarrative.asu.edu/publications/weaponized-narrative-new-battlespace-0.

Applebaum, A. 2025. Roter Hunger: Stalins Krieg Gegen Die Ukraine. Pantheon.

Center, Transatlantic Dialogue. 2024a. Ukraine Clarity Debunking Myths and Misinformation in Germany. Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC). https://tdcenter.org/2024/07/15/ukraine-klarheit-mythen-und-desinformationen-in-deutschland-entlarven/.

———. 2024b. Ukraine-Klarheit: Mythen Und Desinformationen in Deutschland Entlarven. Transatlantic Dialogue Center (TDC). https://tdcenter.org/2024/07/15/ukraine-klarheit-mythen-und-desinformationen-in-deutschland-entlarven/.

Christ, Sebastian. 2023. “Die Ukraine Ist Ein Geteiltes Land.” In Ukraine Im Fokus - Propaganda Erkennen, Fakten Verstehen, edited by Nataliya Pryhornytska and Kateryna Pavlova, 81–87. Oxford: Berliner Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung.

Commission, European, and Directorate-General for Communication. 2024. How to Spot and Fight Disinformation – Toolkit for Teachers. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/doi/10.2775/73670.

Commission, European, Sport Directorate-General for Education Youth, and Culture. 2022. Guidelines for Teachers and Educators on Tackling Disinformation and Promoting Digital Literacy Through Education and Training. Publications Office of the European Union. https://doi.org/doi/10.2766/28248.

Darczewska, Jolanta, and Piotr Żochowski. 2017. ACTIVE MEASURES: Russia’s Key Export. Vol. 64. Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia Centre for Eastern Studies. https://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/point-view/2017-05-30/active-measures-russias-key-export.

Deutscher Bundestag, Die Bundesregierung. 2025. “Drucksache 20/14917.” Kleine Anfragen. https://www.bundestag.de/presse/hib/kurzmeldungen-1053330.

Dierickx, Laurence, and Carl-Gustav Lindén. 2024. “Screens as Battlefields: Fact-Checkers’ Multidimensional Challenges in Debunking Russian-Ukrainian War Propaganda.” Media and Communication 12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8668.

Doroshenko, Larissa, and Josephine Lukito. 2021. “Trollfare: Russia’s Disinformation Campaign During Military Conflict in Ukraine.” International Journal of Communication 15 (0). https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/16895.

Etkind, Alexander. 2023. “Ukraine, Russia, and Genocide of Minor Differences.” Journal of Genocide Research 25 (3-4): 384–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623528.2022.2082911.

Europäischen Union für Cybersicherheit, Agentur der, E Magonara, and A Malatras. 2022. Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) and Cybersecurity : Threat Landscape. Agentur der Europäischen Union für Cybersicherheit. https://doi.org/doi/10.2824/7501.

Fromm, Anne, and Konrad Litschko. 2024. “Desinformationskampagne Russlands. Die Spin-Docs Des Kremls. Die Taz Analysiert Interne Papiere Der Russischen Propagandafabrik SDA: Mit Massiver Desinformation Will Sie Die Deutsche Öffentlichkeit Beeinflussen.” https://taz.de/Desinformationskampagne-Russlands/!6034158/.

Galeotti, Mark. 2019. “Active Measures: Russia’s Covert Geopolitical Operations.” George C. Marshall Center, European Center For Security Studies. A German-American Partnership. https://www.marshallcenter.org/en/publications/security-insights/active-measures-russias-covert-geopolitical-operations-0.

Goeij, Maria W. de. 2023. “Reflexive Control: Influencing Strategic Behavior.” Parameters 53 (4). https://doi.org/doi:10.55540/0031-1723.3262.

Hoffman, F. G., and Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. 2007. Conflict in the 21st Century: The Rise of Hybrid Wars. Potomac Institute for Policy Studies. https://www.academia.edu/22883467/The_Rise_of_Hybrid_Wars.

Human Rights, UN High Commissioner for. 2014. “Report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the Situation of Human Rights in Ukraine.” University of Zurich, Department of Informatics. https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/780616.

Kalenský, Jakub, and Roman Osadchuk. 2024. “How Ukraine Fights Russian Disinformation: Beehive Vs Mammoth.” Hybrid CoE Research Report. Vol. 11. European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE); the Digital Forensic Research Lab (DFRLab). https://dfrlab.org/2024/01/24/how-ukraine-fights-russian-disinformation-beehive-vs-mammoth.

Kamphuis, Major C. 2018. “Reflexive Control: The Relevance of a 50-Year-Old Russian Theory Regarding Perception Control.” MILITAIRE SPECTATOR 187 (6). https://militairespectator.nl/sites/default/files/teksten/bestanden/Militaire%20Spectator%206-2018%20Kamphuis.pdf.

Kotkin, S. 2014. Stalin: Paradoxes of Power, 1878-1928. Penguin Publishing Group.

———. 2017. Stalin, Vol. II: Waiting for Hitler, 1929–1941. The Life of Stalin. Penguin Books Limited.

Lanoux, Andrea. 2024. Being Ukraine. Conneticut College. https://openpress.digital.conncoll.edu/beingukraine/.

Lucas, Edward, and Peter Pomerantsev. 2016a. “Defending and Ultimately Defeating Russia’s Disinformation Techniques.” https://web.archive.org/web/20161107094203/https://cepa.ecms.pl/files/?id_plik=2713.

———. 2016b. “Winning the Information War: Techniques and Counter-Strategies to Russian Propaganda in Central and Eastern Europe.” https://www.lse.ac.uk/iga/assets/documents/arena/archives/winning-the-information-war-full-report-pdf.pdf.

Paul, Christopher, and Miriam Matthews. 2016. The Russian "Firehose of Falsehood" Propaganda Model: Why It Might Work and Options to Counter It. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation. https://doi.org/10.7249/PE198.

Potter, Nicholas. 2024. “Putins Propaganda in EuropaDie Klone Des Kreml. Das Russische Propagandaprogramm „Doppelgänger“ Imitiert Bekannte Medienwebsites. Laut Verfassungsschutz Setzt Es Aber Auch Auf Etablierte Medien.” https://taz.de/Putins-Propaganda-in-Europa/!6032846/.

Pryhornytska, Nataliya, and Kateryna Pavlova, eds. 2023. Oxford: Berliner Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung.

Sakwa, Richard. 2021. “Sad Delusions: The Decline and Rise of Greater Europe.” Journal of Eurasian Studies 12 (1): 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/1879366521999757.

Sydorenko, Daryna, Alina Horbenko, and Anna Rudenko. 2023. “A Fight for a Better Tomorrow: Ukraine’s Path of Transformation.” Transatlantic Dialogue Center. https://tdcenter.org/2023/12/07/a-fight-for-a-better-tomorrow-ukraines-path-of-transformation-handbook/.

Theweleit, Klaus. 1987. Male Fantasies, Volume 1: Women, Floods, Bodies, History. University of Minnesota Press. https://monoskop.org/images/5/54/Theweleit_Klaus_Male_Fantasies_Vol_1_Women_Floods_Bodies_History.pdf.

———. 1989. Male Fantasies, Volume 2: Male Bodies: Psychoanalyzing the White Terror. University of Minnesota Press. https://monoskop.org/images/4/4d/Theweleit_Klaus_Male_Fantasies_Vol_2_Male_Bodies_Psychoanalyzing_the_White_Terror.pdf.

Trokhymovych, Mykola, Oleksandr Kosovan, Nathan Forrester, Pablo Aragón, Diego Saez-Trumper, and Ricardo Baeza-Yates. 2025. “Characterizing Knowledge Manipulation in a Russian Wikipedia Fork.” https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.10663.

Vasara, Antti. 2020. Theory of Reflexive Control : Origins, Evolution and Application in the Framework of Contemporary Russian Military Strategy. Finnish National Defence University 2020. https://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/176978.

White, Jon. 2016. “Dismiss, Distort, Distract, and Dismay: Continuity and Change in Russian Disinformation IES Policy Brief Issue 2016/13 - May 2016.” Series-seriesIESBPolicyBriefs. http://aei.pitt.edu/77604/.

Zabrisky, Zarina. 2017. “Russian Cyberwar and Propaganda, Years of Reporting.” https://zarinazabrisky.medium.com/russian-cyberwar-and-propaganda-f80e9ebe3280.

———. 2025. “Deconstructing the Kremlin’s Information Warfare.” https://fresnoalliance.com/deconstructing-the-kremlins-information-warfare/.